Liquid crystalline compounds

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I  
                 
 
     in which  
     R 1 , R 2 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , Z 1 , Z 2 , a, b and c are as defined in claim 1, and to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least compound of the formula I and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

[0001] The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds and to a liquid-crystalline medium, to the use thereof for electro-optical purposes, and to displays containing this medium.

[0002] Liquid-crystals are used principally as dielectrics in display devices, since the optical properties of such substances can be modified by an applied voltage. Electro-optical devices based on liquid crystals are extremely well known to the person skilled in the art and can be based on various effects. Examples of such devices are cells having dynamic scattering, DAP (deformation of aligned phases) cells, guest/host cells, TN cells having a twisted nematic structure, STN (supertwisted nematic) cells, SBE (super-birefringence effect) cells and OMI (optical mode interference) cells. The commonest display devices are based on the Schadt-Helfrich effect and have a twisted nematic structure.

[0003] The liquid-crystal materials must have good chemical and thermal stability and good stability to electric fields and electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, the liquid-crystal materials should have low viscosity and produce short addressing times, low threshold voltages and high contrast in the cells.

[0004] They should furthermore have a suitable mesophase, for example a nematic or cholesteric mesophase for the above-mentioned cells, at the usual operating temperatures, i.e. in the broadest possible range above and below room temperature. Since liquid crystals are generally used as mixtures of a plurality of components, it is important that the components are readily miscible with one another. Further properties, such as the electrical conductivity, the dielectric anisotropy and the optical anisotropy, have to satisfy various requirements depending on the cell type and area of application. For example, materials for cells having a twisted nematic structure should have positive dielectric anisotropy and low electrical conductivity.

[0005] For example, for matrix liquid-crystal displays with integrated non-linear elements for switching individual pixels (MLC displays), media having large positive dielectric anisotropy, broad nematic phases, relatively low birefringence, very high specific resistance, good UV and temperature stability and low vapour pressure are desired.

[0006] Matrix liquid-crystal displays of this type are known. Non-linear elements which can be used for individual switching of the individual pixels are, for example, active elements (i.e. transistors). The term “active matrix” is then used, where a distinction can be made between two types:

[0007] 1. MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) or other diodes on a silicon wafer as substrate.

[0008] 2. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) on a glass plate as substrate.

[0009] The use of single-crystal silicon as substrate material restricts the display size, since even modular assembly of various part-displays results in problems at the joins.

[0010] In the case of the more promising type 2, which is preferred, the electro-optical effect used is usually the TN effect. A distinction is made between two technologies: TFTs comprising compound semiconductors, such as, for example, CdSe, or TFTs based on polycrystalline or amorphous silicon. Intensive work is being carried out world-wide on the latter technology.

[0011] The TFT matrix is applied to the inside of one glass plate of the display, while the other glass plate carries the transparent counterelectrode on its inside. Compared with the size of the pixel electrode, the TFT is very small and has virtually no adverse effect on the image. This technology can also be extended to fully colour-capable displays, in which a mosaic of red, green and blue filters is arranged in such a way that a filter element is opposite each switchable pixel.

[0012] The TFT displays usually operate as TN cells with crossed polarisers in transmission and are illuminated from the back.

[0013] The term MLC displays here covers any matrix display with integrated non-linear elements, i.e., besides the active matrix, also displays with passive elements, such as varistors or diodes (MIM=metal-insulator-metal).

[0014] MLC displays of this type are particularly suitable for TV applications (for example pocket TVs) or for high-information displays for computer applications (laptops) and in automobile or aircraft construction. Besides problems regarding the angle dependence of the contrast and the response times, difficulties also arise in MLC displays due to insufficiently high specific resistance of the liquid-crystal mixtures [TOGASHI, S., SEKIGUCHI, K., TANABE, H., YAMAMOTO, E., SORIMACHI, K., TAJIMA, E., WATANABE, H., SHIMIZU, H., Proc. Eurodisplay 84, September 1984: A 210-288 Matrix LCD Controlled by Double Stage Diode Rings, p. 141 ff, Paris; STROMER, M., Proc. Eurodisplay 84, September 1984: Design of Thin Film Transistors for Matrix Addressing of Television Liquid Crystal Displays, p. 145 ff, Paris]. With decreasing resistance, the contrast of an MLC display deteriorates, and the problem of after-image elimination may occur. Since the specific resistance of the liquid-crystal mixture generally drops over the life of an MLC display owing to interaction with the interior surfaces of the display, a high (initial) resistance is very important in order to obtain acceptable service lives. In particular in the case of low-volt mixtures, it was hitherto impossible to achieve very high specific resistance values. It is furthermore important that the specific resistance exhibits the smallest possible increase with increasing temperature and after heating and/or UV exposure. The low-temperature properties of the mixtures from the prior art are also particularly disadvantageous. It is demanded that no crystallisation and/or smectic phases occur, even at low temperatures, and the temperature dependence of the viscosity is as low as possible. The MLC displays from the prior art thus do not meet today's requirements.

[0015] Besides liquid-crystal displays which use backlighting, i.e. are operated transmissively and possibly transflectively, reflective liquid-crystal displays are also particularly interesting. These reflective liquid-crystal displays use the ambient light for display of information. They consequently consume significantly less energy than backlit liquid-crystal displays of corresponding size and resolution. Since the TN effect is characterised by very good contrast, reflective displays of this type are still readily legible even in bright ambient conditions. This is already known of simply reflective TN displays, as used, for example, in wristwatches and pocket calculators. However, the principle can also be applied to high-quality active matrix-addressed displays of higher resolution, such as, for example, TFT displays. Here, as already in the transmissive TFT-TN displays that are generally usual, the use of liquid crystals of low birefringence (Δn) is necessary in order to achieve low optical retardation (d·Δn). This low optical retardation leads to a low viewing-angle dependence of the contrast that is usually acceptable (cf. DE 30 22 818). In reflective displays, the use of liquid crystals of low birefringence is even more important than in the case of transmissive displays since in reflective displays the effective layer thickness through which the light passes is approximately twice as great as in transmissive displays having the same layer thickness.

[0016] There thus continues to be a great demand for MLC displays having very high specific resistance at the same time as a large working-temperature range, short response times even at low temperatures and low threshold voltage which do not have these disadvantages, or only do so to a reduced extent.

[0017] In TN (Schadt-Helfrich) cells, media are desired which facilitate the following advantages in the cells:

[0018] low optical birefringence (Δn) for reflective applications

[0019] extended nematic phase range (in particular down to low temperatures)

[0020] the ability to switch at extremely low temperatures (outdoor use, automobile, avionics)

[0021] increased resistance to UV radiation (longer service life)

[0022] low rotational viscosity for short switching times.

[0023] In the case of supertwisted (STN) cells, media are desired which enable greater multiplexability and/or lower threshold voltages and/or broader nematic phase ranges (in particular at low temperatures). To this end, a further widening of the available parameter latitude (clearing point, smectic-nematic transition or melting point, viscosity, dielectric parameters, elastic parameters) is urgently desired.

[0024] The invention has the object of providing media, in particular for MLC, TN or STN displays of this type, which do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages or only do so to a reduced extent, and preferably simultaneously have very high specific resistances and low threshold voltages. This object requires liquid-crystalline compounds which have a high clearing point and low rotational viscosity.

[0025] The media available from the prior art do not allow these advantages to be achieved while simultaneously retaining the other parameters.

[0026] It has now been found that this object can be achieved if the liquid-crystalline compounds according to the invention are used.

[0027] The invention thus relates to liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I

[0028] in which

[0029] R¹ and R² are each, independently of one another, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF₃ or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and R² is alternatively CN, SF₅, F, Cl, NCS or SCN,

[0030] A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ are

[0031] a) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, in which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— or —S—,

[0032] b) a 1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N,

[0033] c) a radical from the group consisting of piperidine-1,4-diyl 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl and 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl,

[0034] where the radicals a), b) and c) may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen atoms,

[0035] Z¹ and Z² are each, independently of one another, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond,

[0036] a is 0, 1 or 2,

[0037] b is 0, 1 or 2, and

[0038] c is 0, 1 or 2, where a+b+c is ≦2.

[0039] The invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I in liquid-crystalline media.

[0040] The compounds of the formula I have a broad range of applications. Depending on the choice of substituents, these compounds can serve as base materials of which liquid-crystalline media are predominantly composed; however, it is also possible to add compounds of the formula I to liquid-crystalline base materials from other classes of compound in order, for example, to modify the dielectric and/or optical anisotropy of a dielectric of this type and/or in order to optimise its threshold voltage and/or its viscosity.

[0041] In the pure state, the compounds of the formula I are colourless and form liquid-crystalline mesophases in a temperature range which is favourably located for electro-optical use. In particular, the compounds according to the invention are distinguished by their high clearing point and their low values for the rotational viscosity. They are stable chemically, thermally and to light.

[0042] The invention relates in particular to the compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0043] Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which c=0. Z¹ and Z² are preferably a single bond, furthermore —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂— or —COO—. a is preferably 0.

[0044] If R¹ and/or R² is an alkyl radical and/or an alkoxy radical, this may be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain, has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and accordingly is preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy or heptyloxy, furthermore methyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, methoxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy or tetradecyloxy.

[0045] Oxaalkyl is preferably straight-chain 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-,4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl, or 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl.

[0046] If R¹ and/or R² is an alkenyl radical, this may be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain and has from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Accordingly, it is in particular vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, 4- or -5-enyl, hept-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, oct-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, non-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, or dec-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.

[0047] If R¹ and/or R² is an alkyl radical in which one CH₂ group has been replaced by —O— and one has been replaced by —CO—, these are preferably adjacent. These thus contain an acyloxy group —CO—O— or an oxycarbonyl group —O—CO. These are preferably straight-chain and have from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0048] Accordingly, they are in particular acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy, acetoxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, butyryloxymethyl, pentanoyloxymethyl, 2-acetoxyethyl, 2-propionyloxyethyl, 2-butyryloxyethyl, 3-acetoxypropyl, 3-propionyloxypropyl, 4-acetoxybutyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, pentoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, propoxycarbonylmethyl, butoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(propoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 3-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl, 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl or 4-(methoxycarbonyl)butyl.

[0049] If R¹ and/or R² is an alkyl or alkenyl radical which is monosubstituted by CN or CF₃, this radical is preferably straight-chain. The substitution by CN or CF₃ is in any desired position.

[0050] If R¹ and/or R² is an alkyl or alkenyl radical which is at least monosubstituted by halogen, this radical is preferably straight-chain, and halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstitution, halogen is preferably F. The resultant radicals also include perfluorinated radicals. In the case of monosubstitution, the fluorine or chlorine substituent may be in any desired position, but is preferably in the ω-position.

[0051] Compounds of the formula I containing branched wing groups R¹ and/or R² may occasionally be of importance owing to better solubility in the conventional liquid-crystalline base materials, but in particular as chiral dopants if they are optically active. Smectic compounds of this type are suitable as components of ferroelectric materials.

[0052] Compounds of the formula I having S_(A) phases are suitable for thermally addressed displays.

[0053] Branched groups of this type generally contain not more than one chain branch. Preferred branched radicals R¹ and/or R² are isopropyl, 2-butyl (=1-methylpropyl), isobutyl (=2-methylpropyl), 2-methylbutyl, isopentyl (=3-methylbutyl), 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, isopropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, 1-methylhexyloxy and 1-methylheptyloxy.

[0054] R² is preferably F, Cl, CN, CF₃, SF₅, CF₂H, OCF₃, OCF₂H, OCFHCF₃, OCFHCFH₂, OCFHCF₂H, OCF₂CH₃, OCF₂CFH₂, OCF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CFH₂, OCFHCF₂CF₃, OCFHCF₂CF₂H, OCFHCFHCF₃, OCH₂CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CFHCFH₂, OCF₂CH₂CF₂H, OCFHCF₂CFH₂, OCFHCFHCF₂H, OCFHCH₂CF₃, OCH₂CFHCF₃, OCH₂CF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CFHCH₃, OCF₂CH₂CFH₂, OCFHCF₂CH₃, OCFHCFHCFH₂, OCFHCH₂CF₃, OCH₂CF₂CFH₂, OCH₂CFHCF₂H, OCF₂CH₂CH₃, OCFHCFHCH₃, OCFHCH₂CFH₂, OCH₂CF₂CH₃, OCH₂CFHCFH₂, OCH₂CH₂CF₂H, OCHCH₂CH₃, OCH₂CFHCH₃, OCH₂CH₂CF₂H, OCClFCF₃, OCClFCClF₂, OCClFCFH₂, OCFHCCl₂F, OCClFCF₂H, OCClFCClF₂, OCF₂CClH₂, OCF₂CCl₂H, OCF₂CCl₂F, OCF₂CClFH, OCF₂CClF₂, OCF₂CF₂CClF₂, OCF₂CF₂CCl₂F, OCClFCF₂CF₃, OCClFCF₂CF₂H, OCClFCF₂CClF₂, OCClFCFHCF₃, OCClFCClFCF₃, OCCl₂CF₂CF₃, OCClHCF₂CF₃, OCClFCF₂CF₃, OCClFCClFCF₃, OCF₂CClFCFH₂, OCF₂CF₂CCl₂F, OCF₂CCl₂CF₂H, OCF₂CH₂CClF₂, OCClFCF₂CFH₂, OCFHCF₂CCl₂F, OCClFCFHCF₂H, OCClFCClFCF₂H, OCFHCFHCClF₂, OCClFCH₂CF₃, OCFHCCl₂CF₃, OCCl₂CFHCF₃, OCH₂CClFCF₃, OCCl₂CF₂CF₂H, OCH₂CF₂CClF₂, OCF₂CClFCH₃, OCF₂CFHCCl₂H, OCF₂CCl₂CFH₂, OCF₂CH₂CCl₂F, OCClFCF₂CH₃, OCFHCF₂CCl₂H, OCClFCClFCFH₂, OCFHCFHCCl₂F, OCClFCH₂CF₃, OCFHCCl₂CF₃, OCCl₂CF₂CFH₂, OCH₂CF₂CCl₂F, OCCl₂CFHCF₂H, OCClHCClFCF₂H, OCF₂CClHCClH₂, OCF₂CH₂CCl₂H, OCClFCFHCH₃, OCF₂CClFCCl₂H, OCClFCH₂CFH₂, OCFHCCl₂CFH₂, OCCl₂CF₂CH₃, OCH₂CF₂CClH₂, OCCl₂CFHCFH₂, OCH₂CClFCFCl₂, OCH₂CH₂CF₂H, OCClHCClHCF₂H, OCH₂CCl₂CF₂H, OCClFCH₂CH₃, OCFHCH₂CCl₂H, OCClHCFHCClH₂, OCH₂CFHCCl₂H, OCCl₂CH₂CF₂H, OCH₂CCl₂CF₂H, CH═CF₂, CF═CF₂, OCH═CF₂, OCF═CF₂, CH═CHF, OCH═CHF, CF═CHF or OCF═CHF, in particular F, Cl, CN, CF₃, SF₅, CF₂H, OCF₃, OCF₂H, OCFHCF₃, OCFHCFH₂, OCFHCF₂H, OCF₂CH₃, OCF₂CFH₂, OCF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CFH₂, OCFHCF₂CF₃, OCFHCF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CHFCF₃ or OCClFCF₂CF,₃.

[0055] For reasons of simplicity, Cyc below denotes a 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, Che denotes a 1,4-cyclohexenylene radical, Dio denotes a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl radical, Dit denotes a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl radical, Phe denotes a 1,4-phenylene radical, Pyd denotes a pyridine-2,5-diyl radical, Pyr denotes a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl radical, Bi denotes a bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene radical, PheF denotes a 2- or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene radical, PheFF denotes a 2,3-difluoro- or 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene radical, Nap denotes a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene radical, and Dec denotes a decahydro-naphthalene radical.

[0056] The compounds of the formula I accordingly include the preferred tricyclic compounds of the sub-formulae Ia to Ig:

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-Phe-R²   Ia

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-PheF-R²   Ib

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-PheFF-R²   Ic

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-Bi-R²   Id

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-Nap-R²   Ie

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-Dec-R²   If

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-Bi-R²   Ig

[0057] and tetracyclic compounds of the sub-formulae Ih to Iw:

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-Phe-R²   Ih

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-PheF-R²   Ii

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-PheFF-R²   Ij

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-Phe-R²   Ik

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-PheF-R²   Il

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-PheFF-R²   Im

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-Nap-R²   In

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-Dec-R²   Io

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Cyc-CF₂O-Bi-R²   Ip

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Phe-CF₂O-Phe-R²   Iq

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Phe-CF₂O-PheF-R²   Ir

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-Phe-CF₂O-PheFF-R²   Is

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-PheF-CF₂O-Phe-R²   It

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-PheFF-CF₂O-Phe-R²   Iu

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-PheFF-CF₂O-PheFF-R²   Iv

R¹-Cyc-C₂F₄-Cyc-CF₂O-Phe-Cyc-R²   Iw

[0058] Of these, particular preference is given to the compounds of the sub-formulae Ia, Ib and Ic.

[0059] In the compounds of the formulae above and below, R² is preferably F, CN, OCF₃, OCHF₂, CF₃, OCHFCF₃, OC₂F₅ or OCF₂CHFCF₃, straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy.

[0060] R¹ is preferably straight-chain unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy or alkenyl having up to 10 carbon atoms.

[0061] A² is preferably Phe, PheF, PheFF, Cyc or Che, furthermore Pyr or Dio, Dec or Nap. The compounds of the formula I preferably contain not more than one of the radicals Bi, Pyd, Pyr, Dio, Dit, Nap or Dec.

[0062] Preference is also given to all compounds of the formula I and of all sub-formulae in which A¹ is a monosubstituted or disubstituted 1,4-phenylene. These are, in particular, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene and 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene.

[0063] Preferred smaller groups of compounds of the formula I are those of the sub-formulae I1 to I24:

[0064] In which

[0065] R¹ is as defined in claim 1, and “alkyl” is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1-9 carbon atoms.

[0066] The compounds of the formula I are prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), to be precise under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the said reactions. Use can also be made here of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here in greater detail.

[0067] The compounds according to the invention can be prepared, for example, as follows:

[0068] The invention also relates to electro-optical displays (in particular STN or MLC displays having two plane-parallel outer plates, which, together with a frame, form a cell, integrated non-linear elements for switching individual pixels on the outer plates, and a nematic liquid-crystal mixture of positive dielectric anisotropy and high specific resistance which is located in the cell) which contain media of this type, and to the use of these media for electro-optical purposes.

[0069] The liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention enable a significant widening of the available parameter latitude.

[0070] The achievable combinations of clearing point, viscosity at low temperature, thermal and UV stability and dielectric anisotropy are far superior to previous materials from the prior art.

[0071] The requirement for a high clearing point, a nematic phase at low temperature and a high Δε has hitherto only been achieved to an inadequate extent. Although liquid-crystal mixtures such as, for example, MLC-6476 and MLC-6625 (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, German) have comparable clearing points and low-temperature stabilities, they have, however, relatively low Δn values and also higher threshold voltages of about ≧1.7 V.

[0072] Other mixture systems have comparable viscosities and Δε values, but only have clearing points in the region of 60° C.

[0073] The liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention, while retaining the nematic phase down to −20° C. and preferably down to −30° C., particularly preferably down to −40° C., enable clearing points above 80° C., preferably above 90° C., particularly preferably above 100° C., simultaneously dielectric anisotropy values Δε of ≧4, preferably ≧6, and a high value for the specific resistance to be achieved, enabling excellent STN and MLC displays to be obtained. In particular, the mixtures are characterised by low operating voltages. The TN thresholds are below 1.5 V, preferably below 1.3 V.

[0074] It goes without saying that, through a suitable choice of the components of the mixtures according to the invention, it is also possible for higher clearing points (for example above 110°) to be achieved at a higher threshold voltage or lower clearing points to be achieved at lower threshold voltages with retention of the other advantageous properties. At viscosities correspondingly increased only slightly, it is likewise possible to obtain mixtures having greater Δε and thus lower thresholds. The MLC displays according to the invention preferably operate at the first Gooch and Tarry transmission minimum [C. H. Gooch and H. A. Tarry, Electron. Lett. 10, 2-4, 1974; C. H. Gooch and H. A. Tarry, Appl. Phys., Vol. 8, 1575-1584, 1975] are used, where, besides particularly favourable electro-optical properties, such as, for example, high steepness of the characteristic line and low angle dependence of the contrast (German Patent 30 22 818), a lower dielectric anisotropy is sufficient at the same threshold voltage as in an analogous display at the second minimum. This enables significantly higher specific resistances to be achieved using the mixtures according to the invention at the first minimum than in the case of mixtures comprising cyano compounds. Through a suitable choice of the individual components and their proportions by weight, the person skilled in the art is able to set the birefringence necessary for a pre-specified layer thickness of the MLC display using simple routine methods.

[0075] The flow viscosity ν₂₀ at 20° C. is preferably <60 mm²·s⁻¹, particularly preferably <50 mm²·s⁻¹. The nematic phase range is preferably at least 90°, in particular at least 100°. This range preferably extends at least from −30° to +800°.

[0076] Measurements of the capacity holding ratio (HR) [S. Matsumoto et al., Liquid Crystals 5, 1320 (1989); K. Niwa et al., Proc. SID Conference, San Francisco, June 1984, p. 304 (1984); G. Weber et al., Liquid Crystals 5, 1381 (1989)] have shown that mixtures according to the invention comprising compounds of the formula I exhibit a significantly smaller decrease in the HR with increasing temperature than, for example, analogous mixtures comprising cyanophenylcyclohexanes of the formula

[0077] or esters of the formula

[0078] instead of the compounds of the formula I.

[0079] The UV stability of the mixtures according to the invention is also considerably better, i.e. they exhibit a significantly smaller decrease in the HR on exposure to UV.

[0080] The media according to the invention are preferably based on a plurality of (preferably two, three or more) compounds of the formula I, i.e. the proportion of these compounds is 5-95%, preferably 10-60% and particularly preferably in the range 15-40%.

[0081] The individual compounds of the formulae I to IX and their sub-formulae which can be used in the media according to the invention are either known or they can be prepared analogously to the known compounds.

[0082] Preferred embodiments are indicated below:

[0083] The medium preferably comprises one, two or three homologous compounds of the formula I, where each homologue is present in the mixture in a maximum proportion of 10%.

[0084] The medium comprises compounds of the formula I in which R¹ is preferably ethyl and/or propyl, furthermore butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl. Compounds of the formula I having short side chains R¹ have a positive effect on the elastic constants, in particular K₁, and result in mixtures having particularly low threshold voltages.

[0085] Medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the general formulae II to IX:

[0086] In which the individual radicals have the following meanings.

[0087] R⁰ is n-alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyloxy or alkenyl, each having up to 9 carbon atoms,

[0088] X⁰ is F, Cl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated alkenyl, halogenated alkenyloxy or halogenated alkoxy having up to 7 carbon atoms,

[0089] Z⁰ is —CH═CH—, —C₂H₄—, —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂— or —COO—,

[0090] Y¹,Y², Y³ and Y⁴ are each, independently of one another, H or F, and

[0091] r is 0 or 1.

[0092] The compound of the formula IV is preferably

[0093] Medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae

[0094] In which R⁰ and Y² are as defined above.

[0095] The medium preferably comprises one, two or three, furthermore four, homologues of the compounds selected from the group consisting of H1 to H16 (n=1-7):

[0096] The medium additionally comprises one or more dioxanes of the formulae DI and/or DII:

[0097] In which R⁰ is as defined in claim 7. R⁰ in the compounds of the formulae DI and DII is preferably straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 carbon atoms.

[0098] The medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the general formulae X to XV:

[0099] in which R⁰, X⁰, Y¹, Y², Y³ and Y⁴ are each, independently of one another, as defined in claim 7, X⁰ is preferably F, Cl, CF₃, OCF₃ or OCHF₂. R⁰ is preferably alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl or alkenyloxy.

[0100] The proportion of compounds of the formulae I to IX together in the mixture as a whole is at least 50% by weight.

[0101] The proportion of compounds of the formula I in the mixture as a whole is from 5 to 50% by weight.

[0102] The proportion of compounds of the formulae II to IX in the mixture as a whole is from 30 to 70% by weight.

[0103] The medium comprises compounds of the formulae II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and/or IX.

[0104] R⁰ is straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0105] The medium essentially consists of compounds of the formulae I to XV.

[0106] The medium comprises further compounds, preferably selected from the following group consisting of the general formulae XVI to XIX:

[0107] in which R⁰ and X⁰ are as defined above, and the 1,4-phenylene rings may be substituted by CN, chorine or fluorine. The 1,4-phenylene rings are preferably monosubstituted or polysubstituted by fluorine atoms.

[0108] The medium comprises further compounds, preferably selected from the following group consisting of the formulae RI to RX:

[0109] in which

[0110] R⁰ is n-alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyloxy or alkenyl, each having up to 9 carbon atoms,

[0111] d is 0, 1 or 2,

[0112] Y¹ is H or F.

[0113] alkyl or alkyl* are each, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1-9 carbon atoms,

[0114] alkenyl or alkenyl* are each, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched alkenyl radical having up to 9 carbon atoms.

[0115] The medium preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formulae

[0116] in which n and m are an integer from 1-9.

[0117] The I: (II+III+IV+V+VI+VII+VIII+IX) weight ratio is preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.

[0118] Medium essentially consists of compounds selected from the group consisting of the general formulae I to XV.

[0119] It has been found that even a relatively small proportion of compounds of the formula I mixed with conventional liquid-crystal materials, but in particular with one or more compounds of the formulae II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and/or IX, results in a significant lowering of the threshold voltage and in low birefringence values, with broad nematic phases with low smectic-nematic transition temperatures being observed at the same time, improving the shelf life. The compounds of the formulae I to IX are colourless, stable and readily miscible with one another and with other liquid-crystalline materials.

[0120] The term “alkyl” or “alkyl*” covers straight-chain and branched alkyl groups having 1-9 carbon atoms, in particular the straight-chain groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl. Groups having 2-5 carbon atoms are generally preferred.

[0121] The term “alkenyl” or “alkenyl*” covers straight-chain and branched alkenyl groups having up to 9 carbon atoms, in particular the straight-chain groups. Preferred alkenyl groups are C₂-C₇-1E-alkenyl, C₄-C₇-3E-alkenyl, C₅-C₇-4-alkenyl, C₆-C₇-5-alkenyl and C₇-6-alkenyl, in particular C₂-C₇-1 E-alkenyl, C₄-C₇-3E-alkenyl and C₅-C₇-4-alkenyl. Examples of particularly preferred alkenyl groups are vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 1E-heptenyl, 3-butenyl, 3E-pentenyl, 3E-hexenyl, 3E-heptenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl, 4E-hexenyl, 4Z-heptenyl, 5-hexenyl, 6-heptenyl and the like. Groups having up to 5 carbon atoms are generally preferred.

[0122] The term “fluoroalkyl” preferably covers straight-chain groups having a terminal fluorine, i.e. fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl and 7-fluoroheptyl. However, other positions of the fluorine are not excluded.

[0123] The term “oxaalkyl” preferably covers straight-chain radicals of the formula C_(n)H_(2n+1)—O—(CH₂)_(m), in which n and m are each, independently of one another, from 1 to 6. n is preferably=1 and m is preferably from 1 to 6.

[0124] Through a suitable choice of the meanings of R⁰ and X⁰, the addressing times, the threshold voltage, the steepness of the transmission characteristic lines, etc., can be modified in the desired manner. For example, 1E-alkenyl radicals, 3E-alkenyl radicals, 2E-alkenyloxy radicals and the like generally result in shorter addressing times, improved nematic tendencies and a higher ratio of the elastic constants k₃₃ (bend) and k₁₁ (splay) compared with alkyl or alkoxy radicals. 4-alkenyl radicals, 3-alkenyl radicals and the like generally give lower threshold voltages and smaller values of k₃₃/k₁₁ compared with alkyl and alkoxy radicals.

[0125] A —CH₂CH₂— group in Z¹ generally results in higher values of k₃₃/k₁₁ compared with a single covalent bond. Higher values of k₃₃/k₁₁ facilitate, for example, flatter transmission characteristic lines in TN cells with a 90° twist (in order to achieve grey shades) and steeper transmission characteristic lines in STN, SBE and OMI cells (greater multiplexability), and vice versa.

[0126] The optimum mixing ratio of the compounds of the formulae I and II+III+IV+V+VI+VII+VII+IX depends substantially on the desired properties, on the choice of the components of the formulae I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and/or IX, and the choice of any other components that may be present. Suitable mixing ratios within the range given above can easily be determined from case to case.

[0127] The total amount of compounds of the formulae I to XV in is not crucial. The mixtures can therefore comprise one or more further components for the purposes of optimising various properties. However, the observed effect on the addressing times and the threshold voltage is generally greater, the higher the total concentration of compounds of the formulae I to XV.

[0128] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the media according to the invention comprise compounds of the formulae II to IX (preferably II and/or III) in which X⁰ is OCF₃, OCHF₂, F, OCH═CF₂, OCF═CF₂, OCF₂CHFCF₃ or OCF₂—CF₂H. A favourable synergistic effect with the compounds of the formula I results in particularly advantageous properties.

[0129] The mixtures according to the invention of low optical anisotropy (Δn≦0.09) are particularly suitable for reflective displays. Low V_(th) mixtures are particularly suitable for 3.3 V drivers and 4 V and 5 V drivers. Ester-free mixtures are preferred for the last-mentioned applications. The mixtures according to the invention result in an improvement in reliability (image sticking. point defect, etc.) and are therefore also highly suitable for IPS applications.

[0130] The construction of the MLC display according to the invention from polarisers, electrode base plates and surface-treated electrodes corresponds to the conventional construction for displays of this type. The term “conventional construction” is broadly drawn here and also covers all derivatives and modifications of the MLC display, in particular including matrix display elements based on poly-Si TFT or MIM.

[0131] A significant difference between the displays according to the invention and the conventional displays based on the twisted nematic cell consists, however, in the choice of the liquid-crystal parameters of the liquid-crystal layer.

[0132] The liquid-crystal mixtures which can be used in accordance with the invention are prepared in a manner conventional per se. In general, the desired amount of the components used in the lesser amount is dissolved in the components making up the principal constituent, advantageously at elevated temperature. It is also possible to mix solutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example in acetone, chloroform or methanol, and to remove the solvent again, for example by distillation, after thorough mixing.

[0133] The dielectrics may also comprise further additives known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature. For example, 0-15% of pleochroic dyes or chiral dopants can be added.

[0134] C denotes a crystalline phase, S a smectic phase, S_(C) a smectic C phase, N a nematic phase and I the isotropic phase.

[0135] V₁₀ denotes the voltage for 10% transmission (viewing angle perpendicular to the plate surface). t_(on) denotes the switch-on time and t_(off) the switch-off time at an operating voltage corresponding to 2 times the value of V₁₀. Δn denotes the optical anisotropy and n_(o) the refractive index. Δε denotes the dielectric anisotropy (Δε=ε_(∥)−ε_(⊥), where ε_(∥) denotes the dielectric constant parallel to the longitudinal molecular axes and ε_(⊥) denotes the dielectric constant perpendicular thereto). The electro-optical data were measured in a TN cell at the 1st minimum (i.e. at a d·Δn value of 0.5) at 20° C., unless expressly stated otherwise. The optical data were measured at 20° C., unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0136] In the present application and in the examples below, the structures of the liquid-crystal compounds are indicated by means of acronyms, the transformation into chemical formulae taking place in accordance with Tables A and B below. All radicals C_(n)H_(2n+1) and C_(m)H_(2m+1) are straight-chain-alkyl radicals having n and m carbon atoms respectively; n and m are in each case, independently of one another, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15. The coding in Table B is self-evident. In Table A, only the acronym for the parent structure is indicated. In individual cases, the acronym for the parent structure is followed, separated by a dash, by a code for the substituents R¹, R², L¹ and L²: Code for R¹, R², L¹, L² R¹ R² L¹ L² nm C_(n)H_(2n+1) C_(m)H_(2m+1) H H nOm C_(n)H_(2n+1) OC_(m)H_(2m+1) H H nO.m OC_(n)H_(2n+1) C_(m)H_(2m+1) H H n C_(n)H_(2n+1) CN H H nN.F C_(n)H_(2n+1) CN H F nF C_(n)H_(2n+1) F H H nOF OC_(n)H_(2n+1) F H H nCl C_(n)H_(2n+1) Cl H H nF.F C_(n)H_(2n+1) F H F nF.F.F C_(n)H_(2n+1) F F F nCF₃ C_(n)H_(2n+1) CF₃ H H nOCF₃ C_(n)H_(2n+1) OCF₃ H H nOCF₂ C_(n)H_(2n+1) OCHF₂ H H nS C_(n)H_(2n+1) NCS H H rVsN C_(r)H_(2r+1)—CH═CH— CN H H C_(s)H_(2s)— rEsN C_(r)H_(2r+1)—O—C_(s)H_(2s)— CN H H nAm C_(n)H_(2n+1) COOC_(m)H_(2m+1) H H nOCCF₂.F.F C_(n)H_(2n+1) OCH₂CF₂H F F

[0137] Preferred mixture components are shown in Tables A and B. TABLE A

PYP

PYRP

BCH

CBC

CCH

CCP

CPTP

CEPTP

ECCP

CECP

EPCH

PCH

PTP

BECH

EBCH

CPC

B

FET-nF

CGG

CGU

CUP

[0138] TABLE B

CBC-nmF

PCH-nOm

FET-nCl

CP-nOCF₃

CCH-nOm

BCH-n.Fm

Inm

CBC-nmF

ECCP-nm

CCH-n1EM

T-nFm

CGU-n-F

CCP-nOCF₃.F

CGG-n-F

CCP-nOCF₂.F(.F)

CCP-nF.F.F

CGU-n-OXF

CUZU-n-F

CGU-n-O1DT

CCZU-n-F

CC-n-V1

CC-n-V

CCP-nOCF₃

BCH-nF.F.F

CWCQU-n-F

CWCQG-n-F

CWCQG-n-OT

CWCQU-V-F

CWCQPC-n-m

CCOC-n-m

CGZU-n-F

CUZP-n-F

CGU-1V-F

CCG-V-F

CGZP-n-F

UZP-n-N

CGZP-n-OT

CUZP-n-OT

CCQU-n-F

Dec-U-n-F

Nap-U-n-F

CQGZP-n-F

[0139] TABLE C Table C indicates possible dopants which are generally added to the mixtures according to the invention.

C 15

CB 15

CM 21

R/S-811

CM 44

CM 45

CM 47

CN

R/S-1011

R/S 2011

R/S-3011

R/S-4011

[0140] TABLE D Stabilisers which can be added, for example, to the mixtures according to the invention are indicated below.

[0141] The following examples are intended to explain the invention without restricting it. Above and below, percentages are per cent by weight. All temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. m.p. denotes melting point, cl.p. denotes clearing point. Furthermore, C=crystalline state, N=nematic phase, S=smectic phase and I=isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures. Δn denotes optical anisotropy (589 nm, 20° C.), the flow viscosity ν₂₀ (mm²/sec) was determined at 20° C. The rotational viscosity γ₁ [mPa·s] was likewise determined at 20° C.

[0142] “Conventional work-up” means that water is added if necessary, the mixture is extracted with dichoromethane, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or toluene, the phases are separated, the organic phase is dried and evaporated, and the product is purified by distillation under reduced pressure or crystallisation and/or chromatography. The following abbreviations are used: n-BuLi 1.6 molar solution of n-butyllithium in n-hexane DMAP 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine THF tetrahydrofuran DCC N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

EXAMPLE 1

[0143]

[0144] 3.494 mol of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)tetrafluoroethane are dissolved in 15 l of isopropanol and hydrogenated at 60° C. and 5 bar using 400 g of 5% rhodium/activated carbon. When the hydrogenation is complete, the catalyst is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated, and the residue is recrystallised from ethyl acetate.

[0145] 1.5 mol of pyridinium chlorochromate, 300 g of Celite® 545 in 4 l of dichloromethane, and 0.97 mol of A are stirred overnight at room temperature. The suspension is subsequently filtered with suction, the filter cake is washed with dichloromethane, and the filtrate is evaporated. The residue is stirred with 50 ml of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (1:1), 1 g of activated carbon and 5 g of silica gel and subsequently filtered through silica gel with suction. The filtrate is dissolved in dichloromethane and stirred overnight with 25 g of sulfur trioxide/pyridine complex. Finally, the mixture is extracted with water and filtered through silica gel. m.p.: 125-126° C. (methylcyclohexane)

[0146] 0.075 mol of B and 0.230 mol of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane in 250 ml of cyclohexane are stirred at 60° C. for 24 hours with 0.05 g of sulfuric acid and 250 ml of water. The mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature, and the sediment is separated off from the liquid phase by means of a frit and dried. Melting range: 146-158° C. (methylcyclohexane)

[0147] 0.121 mol of C and 0.145 mol of pentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide in 400 ml of abs. THF are cooled to −10° C., and 0.160 mol of potassium tert-butoxide in 100 ml of abs. THF is added with stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and subsequently subjected to conventional work up. The crude product is filtered through silica gel with n-hexane. The filtrate is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in 600 ml of THF, 8 g of Pd/C (5%) are added, and the mixture is hydrogenated at room temperature and 1 bar.

[0148] 0.041 mol of D, 300 ml of toluene and 100 ml of formic acid are stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The formic acid phase is diluted with water and extracted with toluene, and the combined toluene phases are finally subjected to conventional work-up. Melting range: 64-86.1° C. (methyl-cyclohexane)

[0149] 0.105 mol of E and 0.119 mol of methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride are introduced into 450 ml of THF, and a solution of 0.134 mol of potassium tert-butoxide in 150 ml of THF is added dropwise with ice cooling. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and finally subjected to conventional work-up.

[0150] 0.061 mol of F and 2.915 mol of formic acid in 200 ml of toluene are stirred overnight at room temperature and subsequently subjected to conventional work-up.

[0151] For the isomerisation, 0.083 mol of the product, 600 ml of methanol and 0.135 mol of sodium hydroxide solution are stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture is subsequently stirred at −20° C. for a further 2 hours. The precipitated product is filtered off with suction and washed with water.

[0152] 0.107 mol of chromic acid is added at room temperature to 0.042 mol of G in 300 ml of acetone. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The excess CrO₃ is removed using isopropanol. The reaction mixture is finally subjected to conventional work-up. The crude product is recrystallised from acetone at 0° C. C? S_(x) 253 N 258 I

[0153] 0.018 mol of H is suspended in a mixture of 20 ml of toluene and 20 ml of isooctane, and 0.022 mol of 1,3-propanedithiol is subsequently added to this suspension. The suspension is heated to 60° C., and 0.022 mol of tri-fluoromethanesulfonic acid is subsequently metered in. The reaction solution is boiled for 3 hours on a water separator. The mixture is allowed to cool to 85° C., and 100 ml of dibutyl ether are added, during which the product crystallises. The crystals are washed with methyl t-butyl ether and dried under reduced pressure. m.p.: 175-182° C.

[0154] 0.012 mol of the triflate I are introduced into 80 ml of dichloromethane, and a mixture of 0.029 mol of triethylamine, 0.015 g of 3,4,5-trifluorophenol dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane is added dropwise at −70° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, 0.124 mol of triethylamine trishydrofluoride is added, the mixture is stirred for a further 10 minutes, and 0.063 mol of bromine dissolved in 30 ml of dichloromethane is then added. After the reaction solution has been stirred for 90 minutes, it is allowed to warm to −20° C. and poured into 350 ml of a mixture of 1N NaOH solution and 35 ml of saturated NaHSO₃ solution. When the evolution of gas is complete, the organic phase is separated off and subjected to conventional work-up. The product is filtered through silica gel with n-hexane and recrystallised from ethanol. Finally, the product is dissolved in n-heptane and stirred overnight with copper powder. The mixture is evaporated, during which the product crystallises out.

[0155] C 36 S_(B) 123 N 163.9 I; Δε=9.1; Δn=0.0815

[0156] The following compounds of the formula

[0157] are prepared analogously: R¹ R² L¹ L² CH₃ F H H CH₃ F F H CH₃ F F F C₂H₅ F H H C₂H₅ F F H C₂H₅ F F F C 33 S_(B) 100 N 140.5 I n-C₃H₇ F H H n-C₃H₇ F F H ? −68 S_(B) 149 N 179.0 I; Δε = 6.2; Δn = 0.0865 n-C₃H₇ F F F C 49 S_(B) 114 N 164.4 I; Δε = 9.9; Δn = 0.0825 C₄H₉ F H H C₄H₉ F F H C₄H₉ F F F C₅H₁₁ F H H C₅H₁₁ F F H C −15 S_(B) 157 N 179.3 I; Δε = 6.4; Δn = 0.0835 n-C₆H₁₃ F H H n-C₆H₁₃ F F H n-C₆H₁₃ F F F n-C₇H₁₃ F H H n-C₇H₁₃ F F H n-C₇H₁₃ F F F CH₂═CH F H H CH₂═CH F F H CH₂═CH F F F C 61 S_(?) (58) N 152.5 I, Δε = 10.0; Δn = 0.0779 CH₃CH═CH F H H CH₃CH═CH F F H CH₃CH═CH F F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ F H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ F F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ F F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ F H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ F F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ F F F (CH₃)₂CH F H H (CH₃)₂CH F F H (CH₃)₂CH F F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ F H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ F F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ F F F CH₃ OCF₃ H H CH₃ OCF₃ F H CH₃ OCF₃ F F C₂H₅ OCF₃ H H C₂H₅ OCF₃ F H C₂H₅ OCF₃ F F n-C₃H₇ OCF₃ H H n-C₃H₇ OCF₃ F H C? −48 S_(B) 160 N 184.4 I; Δε = 8.3; Δn = 0.0866 n-C₃H₇ OCF₃ F F n-C₄H₉ OCF₃ H H n-C₄H₉ OCF₃ F H n-C₄H₉ OCF₃ F F n-C₅H₁₁ OCF₃ H H n-C₅H₁₁ OCF₃ F H n-C₅H₁₁ OCF₃ F F n-C₆H₁₃ OCF₃ H H n-C₆H₁₃ OCF₃ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCF₃ F F n-C₇H₁₅ OCF₃ H H n-C₇H₁₅ OCF₃ F H n-C₇H₁₅ OCF₃ F F CH₂═CH OCF₃ H H CH₂═CH OCF₃ F H CH₂═CH OCF₃ F F CH₃CH═CH OCF₃ H H CH₃CH═CH OCF₃ F H CH₃CH═CH OCF₃ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF₃ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF₃ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF₃ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF₃ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF₃ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CH OCF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CH OCF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CH OCF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF₃ F F CH₃ OCHFCF₃ H H CH₃ OCHFCF₃ F H CH₃ OCHFCF₃ F F C₂H₅ OCHFCF₃ H H C₂H₅ OCHFCF₃ F H C₂H₅ OCHFCF₃ F F n-C₃H₇ OCHFCF₃ H H n-C₃H₇ OCHFCF₃ F H n-C₃H₇ OCHFCF₃ F F n-C₄H₉ OCHFCF₃ H H n-C₄H₉ OCHFCF₃ F H n-C₄H₉ OCHFCF₃ F F n-C₅H₁₁ OCHFCF₃ H H n-C₅H₁₁ OCHFCF₃ F H n-C₅H₁₁ OCHFCF₃ F F n-C₆H₁₃ OCHFCF₃ H H n-C₆H₁₃ OCHFCF₃ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCHFCF₃ F F CH₂═CH OCHFCF₃ H H CH₂═CH OCHFCF₃ F H CH₂═CH OCHFCF₃ F F CH₃CH═CH OCHFCF₃ H H CH₃CH═CH OCHFCF₃ F H CH₃CH═CH OCHFCF₃ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCHFCF₃ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCHFCF₃ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCHFCF₃ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCHFCF₃ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCHFCF₃ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCHFCF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CH OCHFCF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CH OCHFCF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CH OCHFCF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCHFCF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCHFCF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCHFCF₃ F F CH₃ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H CH₃ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H CH₃ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F C₂H₅ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H C₂H₅ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H C₂H₅ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F n-C₃H₇ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H n-C₃H₇ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H n-C₃H₇ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F n-C₄H₉ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H n-C₄H₉ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H n-C₄H₉ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F n-C₅H₁₁ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H n-C₅H₁₁ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H n-C₅H₁₁ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F n-C₆H₁₃ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H n-C₆H₁₃ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F CH₂═CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H CH₂═CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H CH₂═CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F CH₃CH═CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H CH₃CH═CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H CH₃CH═CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CH OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF₂CHFCF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF₂CHFCF₃ F F CH₃ OCHF₂ H H CH₃ OCHF₂ F H CH₃ OCHF₂ F F C₂H₅ OCHF₂ H H C₂H₅ OCHF₂ F H C₂H₅ OCHF₂ F F n-C₃H₇ OCHF₂ H H n-C₃H₇ OCHF₂ F H n-C₃H₇ OCHF₂ F F n-C₄H₉ OCHF₂ H H n-C₄H₉ OCHF₂ F H n-C₄H₉ OCHF₂ F F n-C₅H₁₁ OCHF₂ H H n-C₅H₁₁ OCHF₂ F H n-C₅H₁₁ OCHF₂ F F n-C₆H₁₃ OCHF₂ H H n-C₆H₁₃ OCHF₂ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCHF₂ F F CH₂═CH OCHF₂ H H CH₂═CH OCHF₂ F H CH₂═CH OCHF₂ F F CH₃CH═CH OCHF₂ H H CH₃CH═CH OCHF₂ F H CH₃CH═CH OCHF₂ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCHF₂ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCHF₂ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCHF₂ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCHF₂ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCHF₂ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCHF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CH OCHF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CH OCHF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CH OCHF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCHF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCHF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCHF₂ F F CH₃ CF₃ H H CH₃ CF₃ F H CH₃ CF₃ F F C₂H₅ CF₃ H H C₂H₅ CF₃ F H C₂H₅ CF₃ F F n-C₃H₇ CF₃ H H n-C₃H₇ CF₃ F H n-C₃H₇ CF₃ F F n-C₄H₉ CF₃ H H n-C₄H₉ CF₃ F H n-C₄H₉ CF₃ F F n-C₅H₁₁ CF₃ H H n-C₅H₁₁ CF₃ F H n-C₅H₁₁ CF₃ F F n-C₆H₁₃ CF₃ H H n-C₆H₁₃ CF₃ F H n-C₆H₁₃ CF₃ F F CH₂═CH CF₃ H H CH₂═CH CF₃ F H CH₂═CH CF₃ F F CH₃CH═CH CF₃ H H CH₃CH═CH CF₃ F H CH₃CH═CH CF₃ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CF₃ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CF₃ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CF₃ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CF₃ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CF₃ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CH CF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CH CF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CH CF₃ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CF₃ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CF₃ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CF₃ F F CH₃ CN H H CH₃ CN F H CH₃ CN F F C₂H₅ CN H H C₂H₅ CN F H C₂H₅ CN F F n-C₃H₇ CN H H n-C₃H₇ CN F H n-C₃H₇ CN F F n-C₄H₉ CN H H n-C₄H₉ CN F H n-C₄H₉ CN F F n-C₅H₁₁ CN H H n-C₅H₁₁ CN F H n-C₅H₁₁ CN F F n-C₆H₁₃ CN H H n-C₆H₁₃ CN F H n-C₆H₁₃ CN F F CH₂═CH CN H H CH₂═CH CN F H CH₂═CH CN F F CH₃CH═CH CN H H CH₃CH═CH CN F H CH₃CH═CH CN F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CN H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CN F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CN F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CN H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CN F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CN F F (CH₃)₂CH CN H H (CH₃)₂CH CN F H (CH₃)₂CH CN F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CN H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CN F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CN F F CH₃ SF₅ H H CH₃ SF₅ F H CH₃ SF₅ F F C₂H₅ SF₅ H H C₂H₅ SF₅ F H C₂H₅ SF₅ F F n-C₃H₇ SF₅ H H n-C₃H₇ SF₅ F H n-C₃H₇ SF₅ F F n-C₄H₉ SF₅ H H n-C₄H₉ SF₅ F H n-C₄H₉ SF₅ F F n-C₅H₁₁ SF₅ H H n-C₅H₁₁ SF₅ F H n-C₅H₁₁ SF₅ F F n-C₆H₁₃ SF₅ H H n-C₆H₁₃ SF₅ F H n-C₆H₁₃ SF₅ F F CH₂═CH SF₅ H H CH₂═CH SF₅ F H CH₂═CH SF₅ F F CH₃CH═CH SF₅ H H CH₃CH═CH SF₅ F H CH₃CH═CH SF₅ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ SF₅ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ SF₅ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ SF₅ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ SF₅ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ SF₅ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ SF₅ F F (CH₃)₂CH SF₅ H H (CH₃)₂CH SF₅ F H (CH₃)₂CH SF₅ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ SF₅ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ SF₅ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ SF₅ F F CH₃ OCH═CF₂ H H CH₃ OCH═CF₂ F H CH₃ OCH═CF₂ F F C₂H₅ OCH═CF₂ H H C₂H₅ OCH═CF₂ F H C₂H₅ OCH═CF₂ F F n-C₃H₇ OCH═CF₂ H H n-C₃H₇ OCH═CF₂ F H n-C₃H₇ OCH═CF₂ F F n-C₄H₉ OCH═CF₂ H H n-C₄H₉ OCH═CF₂ F H n-C₄H₉ OCH═CF₂ F F n-C₅H₁₁ OCH═CF₂ H H n-C₅H₁₁ OCH═CF₂ F H n-C₅H₁₁ OCH═CF₂ F F n-C₆H₁₃ OCH═CF₂ H H n-C₆H₁₃ CH═CF₂ H H n-C₆H₁₃ CH═CF₂ F H n-C₆H₁₃ CH═CF₂ F F CH₂═CH CH═CF₂ H H CH₂═CH CH═CF₂ F H CH₂═CH CH═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CH CH═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CH CH═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CH CH═CF₂ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CH═CF₂ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CH═CF₂ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CH═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CH═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CH═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CH═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CH CH═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CH CH═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CH CH═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CH═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CH═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CH═CF₂ F F CH₃ CF═CF₂ H H CH₃ CF═CF₂ F H CH₃ CF═CF₂ F F C₂H₅ CF═CF₂ H H C₂H₅ CF═CF₂ F H C₂H₅ CF═CF₂ F F n-C₃H₇ CF═CF₂ H H n-C₃H₇ CF═CF₂ F H n-C₃H₇ CF═CF₂ F F n-C₄H₉ CF═CF₂ H H n-C₄H₉ CF═CF₂ F H n-C₄H₉ CF═CF₂ F F n-C₅H₁₁ CF═CF₂ H H n-C₅H₁₁ CF═CF₂ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCH═CF₂ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCH═CF₂ F F CH₂═CH OCH═CF₂ H H CH₂═CH OCH═CF₂ F H CH₂═CH OCH═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CH OCH═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CH OCH═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CH OCH═CF₂ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCH═CF₂ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCH═CF₂ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCH═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCH═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCH═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCH═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CH OCH═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CH OCH═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CH OCH═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCH═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCH═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCH═CF₂ F F CH₃ CH═CF₂ H H CH₃ CH═CF₂ F H CH₃ CH═CF₂ F F C₂H₅ CH═CF₂ H H C₂H₅ CH═CF₂ F H C₂H₅ CH═CF₂ F F n-C₃H₇ CH═CF₂ H H n-C₃H₇ CH═CF₂ F H n-C₃H₇ CH═CF₂ F F n-C₄H₉ CH═CF₂ H H n-C₄H₉ CH═CF₂ F H n-C₄H₉ CH═CF₂ F F n-C₅H₁₁ CH═CF₂ H H n-C₅H₁₁ CH═CF₂ F H n-C₅H₁₁ CH═CF₂ F F n-C₅H₁₁ CF═CF₂ F F n-C₆H₁₃ CF═CF₂ H H n-C₆H₁₃ CF═CF₂ F H n-C₆H₁₃ CF═CF₂ F F CH₂═CH CF═CF₂ H H CH₂═CH CF═CF₂ F H CH₂═CH CF═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CH CF═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CH CF═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CH CF═CF₂ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CF═CF₂ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CF═CF₂ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ CF═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CF═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CF═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ CF═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CH CF═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CH CF═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CH CF═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CF═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CF═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CF═CF₂ F F CH₃ OCF═CF₂ H H CH₃ OCF═CF₂ F H CH₃ OCF═CF₂ F F C₂H₅ OCF═CF₂ H H C₂H₅ OCF═CF₂ F H C₂H₅ OCF═CF₂ F F n-C₃H₇ OCF═CF₂ H H n-C₃H₇ OCF═CF₂ F H n-C₃H₇ OCF═CF₂ F F n-C₄H₉ OCF═CF₂ H H n-C₄H₉ OCF═CF₂ F H n-C₄H₉ OCF═CF₂ F F n-C₅H₁₁ OCF═CF₂ H H n-C₅H₁₁ OCF═CF₂ F H n-C₅H₁₁ OCF═CF₂ F F n-C₆H₁₃ OCF═CF₂ H H n-C₆H₁₃ OCF═CF₂ F H n-C₆H₁₃ OCF═CF₂ F F CH₂═CH OCF═CF₂ H H CH₂═CH OCF═CF₂ F H CH₂═CH OCF═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CH OCF═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CH OCF═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CH OCF═CF₂ F F CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF═CF₂ H H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF═CF₂ F H CH₂═CHC₂H₄ OCF═CF₂ F F CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF═CF₂ H H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF═CF₂ F H CH₃CH═CHC₂H₄ OCF═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CH OCF═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CH OCF═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CH OCF═CF₂ F F (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF═CF₂ H H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF═CF₂ F H (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ OCF═CF₂ F F

EXAMPLE 2

[0158]

[0159] 0.014 mol of the triflate I (from step 1.9) is introduced into 80 ml of dichloromethane at −700° C., and a mixture of 0.032 mol of triethylamine and 0.028 mol of K in 50 ml of dichloromethane is added dropwise. The mixture is stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, 0.140 mol of triethylamine trishydrofluoride is added, the mixture is stirred for a further 10 minutes, and 0.070 mol of 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin suspended in 50 ml of dichloromethane is added. After the reaction solution has been stirred for 90 minutes, it is allowed to warm to 20° C., and the solution is poured into a mixture consisting of 1N NaOH solution and 35 ml of saturated NaHSO₃ solution. When the evolution of gas is complete, the organic phase is separated off, and the aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases are finally subjected to conventional work-up.

[0160] C 97 S_(B) 219 N 277.9 I; Δε=1.9; Δn=0.1055

[0161] The following compounds of the formula

[0162] are prepared analogously. R¹ R² CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ C₂H₅ CH₃ n-C₃H₇ CH₃ n-C₄H₅ CH₃ n-C₅H₁₁ CH₃ n-C₆H₁₃ C₂H₅ CH₃ C₂H₅ C₂H₅ C₂H₅ n-C₃H₇ C₂H₅ n-C₄H₅ C₂H₅ n-C₅H₁₁ C₂H₅ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₃H₇ CH₃ n-C₃H₇ C₂H₅ n-C₃H₇ n-C₃H₇ n-C₃H₇ n-C₄H₉ n-C₃H₇ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₃H₇ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₄H₉ CH₃ n-C₄H₉ C₂H₅ n-C₄H₉ n-C₃H₇ n-C₄H₉ n-C₄H₉ n-C₄H₉ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₄H₉ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₅H₁₁ CH₃ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₃H₇ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₄H₉ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₆H₁₃ CH₃ n-C₆H₁₃ C₂H₅ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₃H₇ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₄H₉ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₅H₁₁ n-C₆H₁₃ n-C₆H₁₃ CH₂═CH CH₃ CH₂═CH C₂H₅ CH₂═CH n-C₃H₇ CH₂═CH n-C₄H₉ CH₂═CH n-C₅H₁₁ CH₂═CH n-C₆H₁₃ CH₃ CH₂═CH C₂H₅ CH₂═CH n-C₃H₇ CH₂═CH n-C₄H₉ CH₂═CH n-C₅H₁₁ CH₂═CH n-C₆H₁₃ CH₂═CH CH₃CH═CH CH₃ CH₃CH═CH C₂H₅ CH₃CH═CH n-C₃H₇ CH₃CH═CH n-C₄H₉ CH₃CH═CH n-C₅H₁₁ CH₃CH═CH n-C₆H₁₃ CH₂═CH-C₂H₄ CH₃ CH₂═CH-C₂H₄ C₂H₅ CH₂═CH-C₂H₄ n-C₃H₇ CH₂═CH-C₂H₄ n-C₄H₉ CH₂═CH-C₂H₄ n-C₅H₁₁ CH₂═CH-C₂H₄ n-C₆H₁₃ (CH₃)₂CH CH₃ (CH₃)₂CH C₂H₅ (CH₃)₂CH n-C₃H₇ (CH₃)₂CH n-C₄H₉ (CH₃)₂CH n-C₅H₁₁ (CH₃)₂CH n-C₆H₁₃ (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ CH₃ (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ C₂H₅ (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ n-C₃H₇ (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ n-C₄H₉ (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ n-C₅H₁₁ (CH₃)₂CHCH₂ n-C₆H₁₃

MIXTURE EXAMPLES

[0163] Example M1 BCH-3F.F 10.83%  Clearing point [° C.]: 96.2 BCH-5F.F 9.02% d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.51% Twist [°]: 90 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.51% γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 144 CBC-33F 1.80% CBC-53F 1.80% CBC-55F 1.80% PCH-6F 7.22% PCH-7F 5.41% CCP-20CF₃ 7.22% CCP-30CF₃ 10.83%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.32% CCP-50CF₃ 9.92% PCH-5F 9.02% CWCQU-3-F 9.78%

[0164] Example M2 PCH-5F 3.20% Clearing point [° C.]: 132.3 CCP-20CF₂.F.F 17.04%  Δε [kHz, 20° C.]: 9.2 CCP-30CF₂.F.F 16.00%  d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCP-50CF₂.F.F 17.04%  Twist [°]: 90 CUP-2F.F 5.36% CUP-3F.F 5.36% CBC-33F 5.36% CBC-53F 5.36% CBC-55F 5.28% CWCQU-3-F 20.02% 

[0165] Example M3 (for 4 V drivers) CC-5-V 2.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 102.6 CCG-V-F 10.0%  Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0825 CCP-20CF₃.F 12.0%  Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CCP-30CF₃.F 12.0%  γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 147 CCP-20CF₃ 9.0% d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCP-30CF₃ 9.0% Twist [°]: 90 CCP-40CF₃ 8.0% CCP-3F.F.F 10.0%  CCP-5F.F.F 8.0% CWCQU-3-F 10.0%  CC-3-V1 10.0% 

[0166] Mixture M4 (tor 4 V drivers) CC-5-V 7.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 102.5 CCG-V-F 10.0%  Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0832 CCP-20CF₃.F 12.0%  Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CCP-30CF₃.F 12.0%  γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 146 CCP-20CF₃ 9.0% d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCP-30CF₃ 9.0% Twist [°]: 90 CCP-3F.F.F 10.0%  CCP-5F.F.F 7.0% CWCQU-3-F 8.0% CCGU-3-F 6.0% CC-3-V1 10.0% 

[0167] Example M5 (for 4 V drivers) CC-5-V 11.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 102.3 CCG-V-F 10.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0845 CCP-20CF₃.F 12.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CCP-30CF₃.F 12.0% γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 145 CCP-20CF₃  9.0% d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCP-30CF₃  9.0% Twist [°]: 90 CCP-3F.F.F 11.0% CBC-33F  4.0% CWCQU-n-F 10.0% CCGU-3-F  6.0% PCH-7F  6.0%

[0168] Example M6 (for 3.3 V drivers) CCP-30CF₃ 8.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 72.5 CCP-40CF₃ 5.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0908 CCP-20CF₃.F 12.0%  Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.8 CCP-30CF₃.F 12.0%  γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 141 CCP-2F.F.F 11.0%  d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCP-3F.F.F 9.0% Twist [°]: 90 CGU-2-F 10.0%  CGU-3-F 10.0%  CGU-5-F 9.0% CWCQU-3-F 8.5% CC-3-V1 5.5%

[0169] Example M7 (for 3.3 V drivers) CCP-20CF₃ 8.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 72.5 CCP-30CF₃ 8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0884 CCP-40CF₃ 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.9 CCP-20CF₃.F 12.0%  γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 143 CCP-2F.F.F 11.0%  d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCP-3F.F.F 8.5% Twist [°]: 90 CGU-2-F 10.0%  CGU-3-F 10.0%  CGU-5-F 5.0% CCGU-3-F 3.5% CCH-3CF₃ 6.0% CWCQU-3-F 10.0% 

[0170] Example M8 (low Δn) CC-5V 3.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 79.5 CCH-3CF₃ 7.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0709 CCH-5CF₃ 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.6 CCP-2F.F.F 11.0%  γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 151 CCP-3F.F.F 12.0%  VHR [%]: 98.3 CCP-5F.F.F 5.0% V₁₀ [V]: 1.42 CCP-20CF₃.F 12.0%  CCP-30CF₃.F 6.0% CGU-2-F 8.0% CCOC-4-3 3.0% CWCQU-3-F 25.0% 

[0171] Example M9 (low Δn) CCP-2F.F.F 11.0%  Clearing point [° C.]: 78.5 CCP-3F.F.F 12.0%  Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0654 CCP-5F.F.F 5.0% VHR [%]: 97.5 CCZU-2-F 5.0% d · Δn [μm]: 0.50 CCZU-3-F 16.0%  Twist [° C.]: 90 CCZU-5-F 4.0% V₁₀ [V]: 1.29 CCH-3CF₃ 8.0% CCH-5CF₃ 8.0% PCH-7F 5.0% CWCQU-n-F 26.0% 

[0172] Example M10 (for 3.3 V drivers) CCP-2F.F.F  7.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 83.5 CCP-3F.F.F 10.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0932 CCP-30CF₃.F 12.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 10.9 CCP-20CF₃  7.0% γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 184 CCP-30CF₃  8.0% CGU-2-F 10.0% CGU-3-F 10.0% CGU-5-F 10.5% CCG-V-F  7.5% CWCQU-3-F  8.0% CWCQU-5-F 10.0%

[0173] Example M11 (for 3.8 V or 4 V drivers) PGU-2-F 7.0% Clearing point [° C.]: 72.0 PGU-3-F 2.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0936 CGZP-2-OT 5.0% γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 78 CGZP-3-OT 2.0% V_(10, 0, 20) [V]: 1.55 BCH-3F.F.F 15.0%  CCP-2F.F.F 10.0%  CCZU-2-F 3.0% CC-3-V1 12.0%  CC-5-V 15.0%  CCH-35 6.0% PCH-302 10.0%  CCP-V-1 4.0% CWCQU-2-F 4.0% CWCQU-3-F 5.0%

[0174] Example M12 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point [° C.]: 96.2 BCH-5F.F 9.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0950 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.7 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQU-5-F 10.0% 

[0175] Example M13 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point [° C.]: 93.7 BCH-5F.F 9.0% γ₁ [mPa · s, 20° C.]: 184 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQU-2-F 10.0% 

[0176] Example M14 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point [° C.]: 94.4 BCH-5F.F 9.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0951 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.7 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQU-V-F 10.0% 

[0177] Example M15 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point[° C. ]: 109.9 BCH-5F.F 9.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C. ]: 0.0974 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C. ]: 4.9 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQPC-5-2 10.0% 

[0178] Example M16 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point[° C. ]: 98.6 BCH-5F.F 9.05 Δn [589 nm, 20° C. ]: 0.0952 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C. ]: 5.4 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQG-5-F 10.0% 

[0179] Example M17 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point [° C.]: 97.8 BCH-5F.F 9.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0955 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.6 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQG-3-OT 10.0% 

[0180] Example M18 BCH-3F.F 10.8%  Clearing point [° C.]: 98.2 BCH-5F.F 9.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0955 ECCP-30CF₃ 4.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.4 ECCP-50CF₃ 4.5% CBC-33F 1.8% CBC-53F 1.8% CBC-55F 1.8% PCH-6F 7.2% PCH-7F 5.4% CCP-20CF₃ 7.2% CCP-30CF₃ 10.8%  CCP-40CF₃ 6.3% CCP-50CF₃ 9.9% PCH-5F 9.0% CWCQG-3-F 10.0%  

1. Liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I

in which R¹ and R² are each, independently of one another, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF₃ or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and R² is alternatively CN, SF₅, F, Cl, NCS or SCN, A¹, A², A^(3 and A) ⁴ are a) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, in which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— or —S—, b) a 1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, c) a radical from the group consisting of piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, where the radicals a), b) and c) may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen atoms, Z¹ and Z² are each, independently of one another, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, a is 0, 1 or 2, b is 0, 1 or 2, and c is 0, 1 or 2,where a+b+c is ≦2.
 2. Liquid-crystalline compounds according to claim 1, characterised in that R¹ is a straight-chain alkyl radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
 3. Liquid-crystalline compounds according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that R² is H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃, SF₅, CF₂H, OCF₃, OCF₂H, OCFHCF₃, OCFHCFH₂, OCFHCF₂H, OCF₂CH₃, OCF₂CFH₂, OCF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CFH₂, OCFHCF₂CF₃, OCFHCF₂CF₂H, OCF₂CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CHFCF₃ or OCClFCF₂CF₃.
 4. Liquid-crystalline compounds according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that c=1.
 5. Liquid-crystalline compounds of the formulae I1to I24:

in which R¹ is as defined in claim 1, and “alkyl” is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1-9 carbon atoms.
 6. Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least two mesogenic compounds, characterised in that it comprises at least one compound of the formula I according to claim
 1. 7. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 6, characterised in that it additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the general formulae II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX:

in which the individual radicals have the following meanings: R⁰ is n-alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyloxy or alkenyl, each having up to 9 carbon atoms, X⁰ is F, Cl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated alkenyl, halogenated alkenyloxy or halogenated alkoxy having up to 7 carbon atoms, Z⁰ is —CH═CH—, —C₂H₄—, —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF—, —CF₂—, —OCF₂— or —COO—, Y¹, Y², Y³ and Y⁴ are each, independently of one another, H or F, and r is 0 or
 1. 8. Medium according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the proportion of compounds of the formulae I to IX in the mixture as a whole is at least 50% by weight.
 9. Medium according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that it additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae RI to RX:

in which R⁰ is n-alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyloxy or alkenyl, each having up to 9 carbon atoms, d is 0, 1 or 2, Y¹ is H or F, alkyl or alkyl* are each, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1-9 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkenyl* are each, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched alkenyl radical having up to 9 carbon atoms.
 10. Medium according to claim 7, characterised in that X⁰ is F or OCF₃, and Y² is H or F.
 11. Use of the liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 6 for electro-optical purposes.
 12. Electro-optical liquid-crystal display containing a liquid-crystalline medium according to claim
 6. 